Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 17
These eruptions, they said, were always accompanied by dreadful earthquakes, loud claps of thunder and vivid and quick succeeding lightning.
Who acts: eruptions, dreadful earthquakes · What happens: say, accompany, succeed, clap · To what, where: eruptions, thunder · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eruptions, dreadful earthquakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 eruptions | det |
| 2 | eruptions | eruption | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 accompanied | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 said | nsubj |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 eruptions | acl:relcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 accompanied | aux:pass |
| 8 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 9 accompanied | advmod |
| 9 | accompanied | accompany | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 earthquakes | case |
| 11 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 earthquakes | amod |
| 12 | earthquakes | earthquake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 accompanied | obl:agent |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 claps | punct |
| 14 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 claps | amod |
| 15 | claps | clap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 earthquakes | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 thunder | case |
| 17 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 claps | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 lightning | cc |
| 19 | vivid | vivid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 lightning | amod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 quick | cc |
| 21 | quick | quick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 vivid | conj |
| 22 | succeeding | succeed | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 lightning | amod |
| 23 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 earthquakes | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 accompanied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | eruptions = eruption | this eruptions not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent eruption=Topic | ||||
| 2 | accompany | past · passive | dreadful earthquakes and loud claps of thunder and vivid succeeding lightning | this eruptions | always property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 3 | succeed | gerund | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | clap | thunder | nom clap «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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