Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 16

In earlier ages it used to boil up, overflow its banks, and inundate the adjacent country; but for many kings’ reigns past it had kept below the level of the surrounding plain, continually extending its surface and increasing its depth, and occasionally throwing up with violent explosions huge rocks and red hot stones.

Who acts: account · What happens: use, boil up, overflow, inundate, keep, surround · To what, where: earlier ages, banks, adjacent country, reigns, level, surface

This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (account), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 ages	case
2	earlier	early	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 ages	amod
3	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 used	obl
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 used	nsubj
5	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 boil	mark
7	boil	boil	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 used	xcomp
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 boil	compound:prt
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 overflow	punct
10	overflow	overflow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 boil	advcl
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 banks	nmod:poss
12	banks	bank	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 overflow	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 inundate	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 inundate	cc
15	inundate	inundate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 boil	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 country	det
17	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 country	amod
18	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 inundate	obj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 kept	punct
20	but	but	CCONJ	_	29 kept	cc
21	for	for	ADP	_	25 reigns	case
22	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 kings	amod
23	kings	king	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 reigns	nmod:poss
24	’	's	PART	_	23 kings	case
25	reigns	reign	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 kept	nsubj:pass
26	past	past	ADP	_	27 it	case
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 reigns	nmod
28	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 kept	aux
29	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 used	conj
30	below	below	ADP	_	32 level	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 level	det
32	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 kept	obl
33	of	of	ADP	_	36 plain	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 plain	det
35	surrounding	surround	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 plain	amod
36	plain	plain	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 level	nmod
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 extending	punct
38	continually	continually	ADV	_	39 extending	advmod
39	extending	extend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 plain	appos
40	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	41 surface	nmod:poss
41	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 extending	obj
42	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 increasing	cc
43	increasing	increase	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	39 extending	conj
44	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	45 depth	nmod:poss
45	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 increasing	obj
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 throwing	punct
47	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 throwing	cc
48	occasionally	occasionally	ADV	_	49 throwing	advmod
49	throwing	throw	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 used	advcl
50	up	up	ADP	_	49 throwing	compound:prt
51	with	with	ADP	_	53 explosions	case
52	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 explosions	amod
53	explosions	explosion	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 throwing	obl
54	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	55 rocks	amod
55	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 explosions	conj
56	and	and	CCONJ	_	59 stones	cc
57	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	59 stones	amod
58	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	59 stones	amod
59	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	55 rocks	conj
60	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 used	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	account			in earlier ages		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	boil up	to-infinitive	account not said here					vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	overflow	infinitive	account not said here	account's banks				tree rules
4	inundate	infinitive	account not said here	the adjacent country				vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme country=Destination
5	keep	past · perfect · passive		many kings's reigns past account	the level of the surrounding plain			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme below level=Location
6	surround	gerund						vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
7	extend	gerund		account's surface			continually property	vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent surface=Theme
8	increase	gerund		account's depth				vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer depth=Patient
9	throw up	gerund	account not said here				with violent explosions and huge rocks and red hot stones; occasionally property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/16/

🌲 Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 16

The tree

Pragmatics

Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 16