Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 2
It is the law of all Polynesian languages that every word and syllable must end in a vowel, so that no two consonants are ever heard without a vowel sound between them.
Who acts: word · What happens: be, end, hear · To what, where: law, Polynesian languages, vowel, two consonants
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 law | expl |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 law | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 law | det |
| 4 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 languages | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 languages | det |
| 7 | Polynesian | polynesian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 languages | amod |
| 8 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 law | nmod |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 end | obj |
| 10 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 word | det |
| 11 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 end | nsubj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 syllable | cc |
| 13 | syllable | syllable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 word | conj |
| 14 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 end | aux |
| 15 | end | end | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 languages | acl:relcl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 vowel | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 vowel | det |
| 18 | vowel | vowel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 end | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 heard | punct |
| 20 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 27 heard | mark |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 so | fixed |
| 22 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 24 consonants | det |
| 23 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 consonants | nummod |
| 24 | consonants | consonant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 heard | aux:pass |
| 26 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 27 heard | advmod |
| 27 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 law | conj |
| 28 | without | without | ADP | _ | 31 sound | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 sound | det |
| 30 | vowel | vowel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sound | compound |
| 31 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 heard | obl |
| 32 | between | between | ADP | _ | 33 them | case |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 sound | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 law | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the law | of all Polynesian languages | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | end | must | every word and syllable | all Polynesian languages | a vowel | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality that=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | hear | present · passive | no two consonants | ever | without a vowel sound between words | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/31/2/