Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 29
“It possesses,” he says, “all the forms collectively of which particular ones are found singly in other dialects; and it has preserved them all with very trifling exceptions unbroken and in entire harmony and symmetry.”
Who acts: Tagala, Baron · What happens: possess, say, find, preserve, trifle · To what, where: forms, other dialects, Tagala, exceptions · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tagala, Baron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 possesses | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 possesses | nsubj |
| 3 | possesses | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 says | ccomp |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 possesses | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 possesses | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 says | nsubj |
| 7 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 found | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 found | punct |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 forms | det:predet |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 forms | det |
| 12 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 found | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | collectively | collectively | ADV | ExtPos=ADV | 12 forms | advmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 collectively | fixed |
| 15 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 17 ones | det |
| 16 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 ones | amod |
| 17 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 found | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 found | aux:pass |
| 19 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 says | ccomp |
| 20 | singly | singly | ADV | _ | 19 found | advmod |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 dialects | case |
| 22 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 dialects | amod |
| 23 | dialects | dialect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 found | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 preserved | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 preserved | cc |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 preserved | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 preserved | aux |
| 28 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 says | ccomp |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 preserved | obj |
| 30 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 31 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 33 trifling | mark |
| 32 | very | very | ADV | _ | 33 trifling | advmod |
| 33 | trifling | trifle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 preserved | advcl |
| 34 | exceptions | exception | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 trifling | obj |
| 35 | unbroken | unbroken | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 trifling | xcomp |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 harmony | cc |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 harmony | case |
| 38 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 harmony | amod |
| 39 | harmony | harmony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 unbroken | conj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 symmetry | cc |
| 41 | symmetry | symmetry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 harmony | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 unbroken | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 preserved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | possess in a quote | present | Tagala | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | Baron | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | find in a quote | present · passive | all forms | other dialects | which particular ones nsubj:pass; singly property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||
| 4 | preserve in a quote | present · perfect · passive | Tagala | forms = form obj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | trifle in a quote | gerund | exceptions | unbroken property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/31/29/