Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), How Pele Came to Hawaii, sentence 81
The earth, or rather the eruption of lava, was forced up into a hill which later bore the name Ke-alia-manu (The-bird-white-like-a-salt-bed or The-white-bird).
Who acts: hill, name, bird, lava · What happens: force up, bear, manu, bed, erupt · To what, where: earth, hill
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Pele Came to Hawaii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hill, name, bird, lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 earth | det |
| 2 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 eruption | punct |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 eruption | cc |
| 5 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 7 eruption | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 eruption | det |
| 7 | eruption | eruption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 earth | conj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 lava | case |
| 9 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 eruption | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 earth | punct |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 forced | aux:pass |
| 12 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 forced | compound:prt |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 hill | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 hill | det |
| 16 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 forced | obl |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 bore | nsubj |
| 18 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 19 bore | advmod |
| 19 | bore | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 hill | acl:relcl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 name | det |
| 21 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 manu | nsubj |
| 22 | Ke | Ke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 name | appos |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 Ke | punct |
| 24 | alia | alia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 manu | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 alia | punct |
| 26 | manu | manu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 bore | obj |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 40 bed | punct |
| 28 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 bed | det |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 The | punct |
| 30 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bed | nsubj |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 bird | punct |
| 32 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 bed | amod |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 like | punct |
| 34 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 bed | amod |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 a | punct |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 bed | det |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 a | punct |
| 38 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bed | compound |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 salt | punct |
| 40 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 manu | appos |
| 41 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 bird | cc |
| 42 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 bird | det |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 The | punct |
| 44 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 bird | amod |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 44 white | punct |
| 46 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 bed | conj |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 40 bed | punct |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 forced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | force up | past · passive | the earth or the eruption of lava | a hill | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | bear | past | a hill | late property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | manu | the name | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | bed | bird | the white bird conj | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | erupt | lava | nom eruption «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/5/81/