Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Na Puu O Pele, sentence 14
A little hill of lava frozen ages before into a massive breastwork of black stone standing in the front of this flow of 1907 divided it so that this western branch took its own way to the ocean beach.
Who acts: lava, black stone, little hill, western branch · What happens: freeze, stand, divide, take · To what, where: ages, front, flow, own way, ocean beach
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Na Puu O Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lava, black stone, little hill, western branch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 hill | det |
| 2 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 hill | amod |
| 3 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 divided | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 lava | case |
| 5 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hill | nmod |
| 6 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 lava | acl |
| 7 | ages | age | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 frozen | obl |
| 8 | before | before | ADP | _ | 12 breastwork | case |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 breastwork | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 breastwork | det |
| 11 | massive | massive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 breastwork | amod |
| 12 | breastwork | breastwork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 frozen | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 stone | case |
| 14 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 stone | amod |
| 15 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 breastwork | nmod |
| 16 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 stone | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 front | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 front | det |
| 19 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 standing | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 flow | case |
| 21 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 flow | det |
| 22 | flow | flow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 front | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 1907 | case |
| 24 | 1907 | 1907 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 flow | nmod |
| 25 | divided | divide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 divided | obj |
| 27 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 32 took | mark |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 so | fixed |
| 29 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 branch | det |
| 30 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 branch | amod |
| 31 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 took | nsubj |
| 32 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 divided | advcl |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 way | nmod:poss |
| 34 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 way | amod |
| 35 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 took | obj |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 beach | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 beach | det |
| 38 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 beach | compound |
| 39 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 took | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 divided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | participle | lava not said here | ages | before a massive breastwork of black stone | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | stand | gerund | black stone not said here | the front of this flow of 1907 | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location | ||||
| 3 | divide | past | a little hill of lava | flow | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | take | past | this western branch | branch's own way | the ocean beach | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent way=Theme to beach=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/7/14/