Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Na Puu O Pele, sentence 15
Thus this mighty force of melted rock from the underworld hurled its vast mass down the mountain, piling itself over all life in its path and leaving only towering heaps of desolation to cover the earth.
Who acts: mighty force · What happens: melt, hurl, pile, leave, tower, cover · To what, where: vast mass, force, life, towering heaps, earth
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Na Puu O Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mighty force), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 11 hurled | advmod |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 force | det |
| 3 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 force | amod |
| 4 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hurled | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 rock | case |
| 6 | melted | melt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 rock | amod |
| 7 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 force | nmod |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 underworld | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 underworld | det |
| 10 | underworld | underworld | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 rock | nmod |
| 11 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 mass | nmod:poss |
| 13 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 mass | amod |
| 14 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hurled | obj |
| 15 | down | down | ADP | _ | 17 mountain | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 mountain | det |
| 17 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hurled | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 piling | punct |
| 19 | piling | pile | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 hurled | advcl |
| 20 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 piling | obj |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 23 life | case |
| 22 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 23 life | det |
| 23 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 piling | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 path | case |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 path | nmod:poss |
| 26 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 piling | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 leaving | cc |
| 28 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 piling | conj |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 30 towering | advmod |
| 30 | towering | tower | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 heaps | amod |
| 31 | heaps | heap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 leaving | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 desolation | case |
| 33 | desolation | desolation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 heaps | nmod |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 cover | mark |
| 35 | cover | cover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 leaving | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 earth | det |
| 37 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 cover | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 hurled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | melt | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | hurl | past | this mighty force of melted rock from the underworld | force's vast mass | down the mountain; thus property | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mass=Theme | |||
| 3 | pile | gerund | this mighty force of melted rock from the underworld not said here | force | all life | in force's path | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent itself=Theme over life=Destination | ||
| 4 | leave | gerund | this mighty force of melted rock from the underworld not said here | towering heaps of desolation | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heap=Theme | ||||
| 5 | tower | gerund | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | cover | to-infinitive | this mighty force of melted rock from the underworld not said here | the earth | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme earth=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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