Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 31
The flowing lava would easily push itself up through the small opening around a burning tree and would keep on pushing and building up a higher and higher cone of lava as the tree burned away, until the tree was destroyed.
Who acts: flowing lava, tree · What happens: flow, push up, burn, keep, push, build up · To what, where: lava, small opening, higher higher cone, tree
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flowing lava, tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lava | det |
| 2 | flowing | flow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 lava | amod |
| 3 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 push | nsubj |
| 4 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 push | aux |
| 5 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 6 push | advmod |
| 6 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 6 push | obj |
| 8 | up | up | ADP | _ | 6 push | compound:prt |
| 9 | through | through | ADP | _ | 12 opening | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 opening | det |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 opening | amod |
| 12 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 push | obl |
| 13 | around | around | ADP | _ | 16 tree | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 tree | det |
| 15 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 tree | amod |
| 16 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 opening | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 keep | cc |
| 18 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 keep | aux |
| 19 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 push | conj |
| 20 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 21 pushing | mark |
| 21 | pushing | push | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 keep | xcomp |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 building | cc |
| 23 | building | build | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 pushing | conj |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 23 building | compound:prt |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 cone | det |
| 26 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 cone | amod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 cone | cc |
| 28 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 cone | amod |
| 29 | cone | cone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 building | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 lava | case |
| 31 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 cone | nmod |
| 32 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 35 burned | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 tree | det |
| 34 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 burned | nsubj |
| 35 | burned | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 building | advcl |
| 36 | away | away | ADV | _ | 35 burned | advmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 destroyed | punct |
| 38 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 42 destroyed | mark |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 tree | det |
| 40 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 destroyed | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 destroyed | aux:pass |
| 42 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 keep | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 push | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | gerund | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | push up | would | the flowing lava | lava | the small opening around a burning tree | easily property | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent itself=Theme through opening=Trajectory | ||
| 3 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | keep | would | the flowing lava not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | push | gerund | the flowing lava not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | build up | gerund | the flowing lava not said here | a higher higher cone of lava | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer cone=Patient | ||||
| 7 | burn away | past | the tree | away property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | destroy | past · passive | the tree | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/8/31/