The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 16
Just before he reached the edge of the timber he crossed a ravine, and saw there many skeletons of people who had been killed.
Who acts: boy · What happens: reach, cross, see, kill · To what, where: edge, ravine, many skeletons, people
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Just | just | ADV | _ | 4 reached | advmod |
| 2 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 4 reached | mark |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 reached | nsubj |
| 4 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 edge | det |
| 6 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reached | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 timber | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 timber | det |
| 9 | timber | timber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 edge | nmod |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 crossed | nsubj |
| 11 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 timber | acl:relcl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 ravine | det |
| 13 | ravine | ravine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 crossed | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 saw | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 saw | cc |
| 16 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 reached | conj |
| 17 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 saw | advmod |
| 18 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 skeletons | amod |
| 19 | skeletons | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 saw | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 people | case |
| 21 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 skeletons | nmod |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 killed | aux |
| 24 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 killed | aux:pass |
| 25 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 people | acl:relcl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | boy | the edge of the timber | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent edge=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cross | past | boy | a ravine | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ravine=Patient | ||||
| 3 | see | past | boy not said here | many skeletons of people | there | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skeleton=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | kill | past · perfect · passive | people | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/16/