The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 8
After the people had made camp at a certain place, the chiefs decided to stop here for four days, because the buffalo were close by, and they could kill plenty and dry the meat here.
Who acts: chiefs, buffalo, people · What happens: make, decide, stop, be, kill, dry · To what, where: camp, certain place, plenty, meat
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, buffalo, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 people | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obl |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | aux |
| 5 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 made | xcomp |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 place | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 place | det |
| 9 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 place | amod |
| 10 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 made | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 decided | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 chiefs | det |
| 13 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 decided | nsubj |
| 14 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | parataxis |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 stop | mark |
| 16 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 decided | xcomp |
| 17 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 stop | advmod |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 days | case |
| 19 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 days | nummod |
| 20 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 stop | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 close | punct |
| 22 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 26 close | mark |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 buffalo | det |
| 24 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 close | nsubj |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 close | cop |
| 26 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 decided | ccomp |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 close | fixed |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 kill | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 kill | cc |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 kill | nsubj |
| 31 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 kill | aux |
| 32 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 made | parataxis |
| 33 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 kill | obj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 dry | cc |
| 35 | dry | dry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 kill | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 meat | det |
| 37 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 dry | obj |
| 38 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 35 dry | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · perfect | camp | a certain place | after the people | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||
| 2 | decide | past | the chiefs | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | stop not said to happen | to-infinitive | the chiefs not said here | here | day | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | is | past | the buffalo | close property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | kill | could | people | plenty | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Theme | ||||
| 6 | dry | infinitive | people not said here | the meat | here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient meat=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/10/8/