The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 57
Scarface was ashamed to enter this beautiful lodge, for his clothes were poor and his moccasins were worn with travel; but Sun Dog said to him, “Enter, my new friend, and fear nothing.”
Who acts: Scarface, clothes, Sun Dog · What happens: be, enter, wear, say, fear · To what, where: beautiful lodge, moccasins, Scarface, nothing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scarface, clothes, Sun Dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scarface | scarface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ashamed | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ashamed | cop |
| 3 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 enter | mark |
| 5 | enter | enter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 ashamed | xcomp |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 lodge | det |
| 7 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 lodge | amod |
| 8 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 enter | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 poor | punct |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 poor | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 clothes | nmod:poss |
| 12 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 14 poor | nsubj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 poor | cop |
| 14 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 ashamed | parataxis |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 worn | cc |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 moccasins | nmod:poss |
| 17 | moccasins | moccasin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 worn | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 worn | aux:pass |
| 19 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 poor | conj |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 travel | case |
| 21 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 worn | obl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 said | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 said | cc |
| 24 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Dog | compound |
| 25 | Dog | Dog | PROPN | _ | 26 said | nsubj |
| 26 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ashamed | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 him | case |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 said | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 Enter | punct |
| 30 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 Enter | punct |
| 31 | Enter | enter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 said | ccomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 friend | punct |
| 33 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 friend | nmod:poss |
| 34 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 friend | amod |
| 35 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Enter | appos |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 fear | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 fear | cc |
| 38 | fear | fear | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 ashamed | parataxis |
| 39 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 38 fear | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ashamed | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 ashamed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Scarface | ashamed property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | enter | to-infinitive | Scarface not said here | this beautiful lodge | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lodge=Destination | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Scarface's clothes | poor property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | wear | past · passive | Scarface's moccasins | with travel | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Sun Dog | Scarface | Enter ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | |||
| 6 | fear in a quote | infinitive | nothing | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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