The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 87
The Sun called Scarface to him and dressed him in clothes made of white buffalo skins and painted his face and said: “It is now time, my son, for you to return to your people, for they need your help.
Who acts: Sun, face, you, people, your · What happens: call, dress, make, paint, say, be · To what, where: Scarface, clothes, face, time, help · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun, face, you, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Sun | det |
| 2 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 called | nsubj |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Scarface | Scarface | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 called | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 dressed | cc |
| 8 | dressed | dress | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | conj |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 dressed | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 clothes | case |
| 11 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 8 dressed | obl |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 clothes | acl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 skins | case |
| 14 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 skins | amod |
| 15 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 skins | compound |
| 16 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 made | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 painted | cc |
| 18 | painted | paint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | conj |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 face | nmod:poss |
| 20 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 painted | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 painted | conj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 time | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 time | punct |
| 25 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 time | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 time | cop |
| 27 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 28 time | advmod |
| 28 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 said | ccomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 son | punct |
| 30 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 son | nmod:poss |
| 31 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 time | vocative |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 return | punct |
| 33 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 36 return | mark |
| 34 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 36 return | nsubj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 return | mark |
| 36 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 said | parataxis |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 people | case |
| 38 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 people | nmod:poss |
| 39 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 return | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 need | punct |
| 41 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 43 need | mark |
| 42 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 need | nsubj |
| 43 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 return | conj |
| 44 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 help | nmod:poss |
| 45 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 need | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | the Sun | Scarface | Scarface | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent scarface=Topic to he=Recipient | |||
| 2 | dress | past | the Sun not said here | Scarface | clothes | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | |||
| 3 | make | participle | clothes not said here | of white buffalo skins | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | paint | past | the Sun not said here | Scarface's face | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent face=Destination | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | the Sun not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | face | time | now | my son vocative | tree rules | ||
| 7 | return in a quote | to-infinitive | you | to your people result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to people=Result | ||||
| 8 | need in a quote | present | people | your help | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme | ||||
| 9 | help in a quote | your | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/11/87/