The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 126
Raising his hand to strike, he stepped suddenly towards his enemy, but the man as quickly held up some soft, white, downy eagle feathers, and blew them from his hand, and a terrible cold, biting wind filled the lodge.
Who acts: Maker, man, wind · What happens: raise, strike, step, hold up, blow, bite · To what, where: hand, man, enemy, soft downy eagle feathers, feathers, lodge
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maker, man, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Raising | raise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 stepped | advcl |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 hand | nmod:poss |
| 3 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Raising | obj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 strike | mark |
| 5 | strike | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Raising | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Raising | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 stepped | nsubj |
| 8 | stepped | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 8 stepped | advmod |
| 10 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 12 enemy | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 enemy | nmod:poss |
| 12 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 stepped | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 man | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 man | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 man | det |
| 16 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 stepped | obl |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 held | mark |
| 18 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 19 held | advmod |
| 19 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 man | acl |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 19 held | compound:prt |
| 21 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 feathers | det |
| 22 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 feathers | amod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 white | punct |
| 24 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 soft | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 soft | punct |
| 26 | downy | downy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 feathers | amod |
| 27 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 feathers | compound |
| 28 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 held | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 blew | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 blew | cc |
| 31 | blew | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 stepped | conj |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 blew | obj |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 hand | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 hand | nmod:poss |
| 35 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 blew | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 cold | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 cold | cc |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 cold | det |
| 39 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 cold | amod |
| 40 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 blew | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 biting | punct |
| 42 | biting | bite | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 blew | advcl |
| 43 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 filled | nsubj |
| 44 | filled | fill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 biting | ccomp |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 lodge | det |
| 46 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 filled | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 stepped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise | gerund | Maker not said here | Maker's hand | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | ||||
| 2 | strike | to-infinitive | Maker not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | step | past | Maker | the man | Maker's enemy | suddenly property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards enemy=Destination | ||
| 4 | hold up | participle | the man not said here | some soft downy eagle feathers | quickly property | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot feather=Theme | |||
| 5 | blow | past | Maker not said here | feathers = feather | from Maker's hand; a terrible cold obl | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient from hand=Co-Patient | |||
| 6 | bite | gerund | Maker not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | fill | past | wind | the lodge | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lodge=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/126/