The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 129
Fine, sharp, stinging frost-flakes hissed in through the doorway and from under the edges of the lodge skins.
What happens: sting, hiss in · To what, where: Fine stinging frost flakes, doorway
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 flakes | amod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 sharp | punct |
| 3 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Fine | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 stinging | punct |
| 5 | stinging | sting | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 flakes | amod |
| 6 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 flakes | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 frost | punct |
| 8 | flakes | flake | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 9 | hissed | hiss | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 flakes | acl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 hissed | compound:prt |
| 11 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 doorway | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 doorway | det |
| 13 | doorway | doorway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hissed | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 edges | cc |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 edges | case |
| 16 | under | under | ADP | _ | 18 edges | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 edges | det |
| 18 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 doorway | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 skins | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 skins | det |
| 21 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 skins | compound |
| 22 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 edges | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 flakes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sting | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | hiss in | participle | Fine stinging frost flakes not said here | the doorway and the edges of the lodge skins | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through doorway=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/129/