The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 130
Colder and colder it grew; and, trembling, quivering, his lips blue, his teeth chattering, Thunder Maker staggered to a bed and fell upon it.
Who acts: edge, teeth, Thunder · What happens: grow, tremble, quiver, chatter, stagger, fall · To what, where: lips, bed, edge
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (edge, teeth, Thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 grew | conj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 colder | cc |
| 3 | colder | cold | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 1 Colder | conj |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 grew | nsubj |
| 5 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 trembling | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 trembling | cc |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 trembling | punct |
| 9 | trembling | tremble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 grew | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 quivering | punct |
| 11 | quivering | quiver | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 trembling | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 lips | punct |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 lips | nmod:poss |
| 14 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 quivering | obl |
| 15 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 quivering | xcomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 chattering | punct |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 18 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 chattering | nsubj |
| 19 | chattering | chatter | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 trembling | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 staggered | punct |
| 21 | Thunder | Thunder | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 staggered | nsubj |
| 22 | Maker | Maker | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Thunder | flat |
| 23 | staggered | stagger | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 trembling | parataxis |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 bed | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 bed | det |
| 26 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 staggered | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 fell | cc |
| 28 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 staggered | conj |
| 29 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 30 it | case |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 fell | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | edge | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | tremble | gerund | edge not said here | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | quiver | gerund | edge not said here | Maker's lips | blue property | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | chatter | gerund | Maker's teeth | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | stagger | past | Thunder | a bed | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to bed=Destination | ||||
| 6 | fall | past | Thunder not said here | edge | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon it=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/130/