The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 133
For Plover Call’s new husband was Cold Maker, he who brings the fierce storms, the biting wind, and drifting, whirling snow from out the north.
Who acts: new husband, Maker · What happens: be, bring, drift, whirl · To what, where: fierce storms, snow
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new husband, Maker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 9 Maker | case |
| 2 | Plover | Plover | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Call | compound |
| 3 | Call | Call | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Maker | nmod:poss |
| 4 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 3 Call | case |
| 5 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 husband | amod |
| 6 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Maker | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 Maker | cop |
| 8 | Cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Maker | amod |
| 9 | Maker | Maker | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 brings | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Maker | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 brings | nsubj |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 brings | nsubj |
| 13 | brings | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 storms | det |
| 15 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 storms | amod |
| 16 | storms | storm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 brings | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wind | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 wind | det |
| 19 | biting | biting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wind | compound |
| 20 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 storms | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 drifting | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 drifting | cc |
| 23 | drifting | drift | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 brings | advcl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 whirling | punct |
| 25 | whirling | whirl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 drifting | conj |
| 26 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 whirling | obj |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 out | case |
| 28 | out | out | ADP | _ | 25 whirling | xcomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 north | det |
| 30 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 whirling | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 brings | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | new husband | for Plover Call's Cold Maker; Plover Call nmod:poss | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bring | present | Maker | the fierce storms and the biting wind | who nsubj | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent storm=Theme | |||
| 3 | drift | gerund | Maker not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | whirl | gerund | Maker not said here | snow | the north obj | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: agent=Agent snow=Theme north=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/133/