The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 134
And now, as he saw his enemy gasping, shaking, and begging for mercy, as he lay on the bed, he laughed.
Who acts: Maker · What happens: see, shake, beg, lie, laugh · To what, where: enemy gasping, bed
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 saw | cc |
| 2 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 saw | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 saw | punct |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 saw | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 gasping | nmod:poss |
| 8 | enemy | enemy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 gasping | amod |
| 9 | gasping | gasping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 saw | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 shaking | punct |
| 11 | shaking | shake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 saw | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 begging | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 begging | cc |
| 14 | begging | beg | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 shaking | conj |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 mercy | case |
| 16 | mercy | mercy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 begging | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 lay | punct |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 lay | mark |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 lay | nsubj |
| 20 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 saw | parataxis |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 bed | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 bed | det |
| 23 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 lay | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 laughed | punct |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 laughed | nsubj |
| 26 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 lay | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Maker | Maker's enemy gasping | now | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gasping=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | shake | gerund | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | beg speech: request | gerund | for mercy | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V PP.Topic»: agent=Agent for mercy=Topic | |||||
| 4 | lie | past | Maker | the bed | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bed=Location | ||||
| 5 | laugh | past | Maker | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/134/