The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 148
“After I have gone,” he said once, “I will try to warn you of the approach of a cold storm.
Who acts: Maker, cold storm · What happens: go, say, try, warn, approach · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maker, cold storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 2 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 5 gone | mark |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 gone | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 gone | aux |
| 5 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 said | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 gone | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 gone | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 9 said | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 try | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 try | punct |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 try | nsubj |
| 14 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 try | aux |
| 15 | try | try | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 warn | mark |
| 17 | warn | warn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 try | xcomp |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 warn | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 approach | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 approach | det |
| 21 | approach | approach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 warn | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 storm | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 storm | det |
| 24 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 storm | amod |
| 25 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 approach | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go in a quote | present · perfect | Maker | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Maker | once property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | try in a quote | future | Maker | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | warn speech: warn not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | Maker not said here | you | of the approach of a cold storm | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent you=Recipient of approach=Topic | |||
| 5 | approach in a quote | a cold storm | nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/148/