The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 149
When you see a raven flying about in the winter, and crying its loud notes, look out, for the cold storm will be near.”
Who acts: you, raven, cold storm · What happens: see, fly, cry, look out, be, note · To what, where: raven, loud notes
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, raven, cold storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 see | advmod |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 see | nsubj |
| 3 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 look | advcl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 raven | det |
| 5 | raven | raven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 see | obj |
| 6 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 raven | acl |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 6 flying | advmod |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 winter | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 winter | det |
| 10 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 flying | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 crying | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 crying | cc |
| 13 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 see | advcl |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 notes | nmod:poss |
| 15 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 notes | amod |
| 16 | notes | note | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 crying | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 see | punct |
| 18 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 18 look | compound:prt |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 near | punct |
| 21 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 27 near | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 storm | det |
| 23 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 storm | amod |
| 24 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 near | nsubj |
| 25 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 near | aux |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 near | cop |
| 27 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 look | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 look | punct |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 look | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | you | a raven | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer raven=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | fly | gerund | a raven not said here | winter | about property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | cry speech: express | gerund | you not said here | raven's loud notes | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Topic | ||||
| 4 | look out | imperative | you not said here | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | future | the cold storm | near property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | note | raven | nom note «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/149/