The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 2
They shrank from taking down their lodges and travelling over the prairie to fresh hunting-grounds, for their dogs could not pack everything, and they themselves were forced to carry heavy loads on their backs.
Who acts: people, dogs · What happens: shrink, take down, travel, not pack, force, carry · To what, where: lodges, prairie, everything, people, heavy loads, backs
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 shrank | nsubj |
| 2 | shrank | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 4 taking | mark |
| 4 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 shrank | advcl |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 4 taking | compound:prt |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 lodges | nmod:poss |
| 7 | lodges | lodge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 taking | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 travelling | cc |
| 9 | travelling | travel | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 taking | conj |
| 10 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 prairie | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 prairie | det |
| 12 | prairie | prairie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 travelling | obl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 grounds | case |
| 14 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 grounds | amod |
| 15 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 grounds | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 hunting | punct |
| 17 | grounds | grounds | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 9 travelling | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 pack | punct |
| 19 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 24 pack | mark |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 dogs | nmod:poss |
| 21 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 pack | nsubj |
| 22 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 pack | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 pack | advmod |
| 24 | pack | pack | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 shrank | conj |
| 25 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 24 pack | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 forced | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 forced | cc |
| 28 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 28 they | nmod:unmarked |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 forced | aux:pass |
| 31 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 shrank | conj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 carry | mark |
| 33 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 forced | xcomp |
| 34 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 loads | amod |
| 35 | loads | load | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 carry | obj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 backs | case |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 backs | nmod:poss |
| 38 | backs | back | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 carry | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 shrank | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shrink | past | people | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | take down | gerund | people not said here | people's lodges | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lodge=Theme | ||||
| 3 | travel | gerund | people not said here | the prairie | to fresh hunting grounds | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to grounds=Destination | |||
| 4 | not pack | could | people's dogs | everything | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent everything=Theme | ||||
| 5 | force | past · passive | people | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | carry | to-infinitive | people not said here | heavy loads | people's backs | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/2/