The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 25
Buffalo were all around them now, and Low Wolf said that if they could find plenty of timber and water he would be content to stay in this place until spring.
Who acts: Buffalo, Low Wolf, lodges · What happens: be, say, find, stay · To what, where: plenty, place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo, Low Wolf, lodges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 were | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | all | all | ADV | _ | 5 them | advmod |
| 4 | around | around | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 were | obl |
| 6 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 were | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 said | cc |
| 9 | Low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 Wolf | amod |
| 10 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 were | conj |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 find | mark |
| 13 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 16 find | mark |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 find | nsubj |
| 15 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 find | aux |
| 16 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 said | ccomp |
| 17 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 find | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 timber | case |
| 19 | timber | timber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 plenty | nmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 water | cc |
| 21 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 plenty | conj |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 content | nsubj |
| 23 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 content | aux |
| 24 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 content | cop |
| 25 | content | content | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 find | ccomp |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 stay | mark |
| 27 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 content | xcomp |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 place | case |
| 29 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 place | det |
| 30 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stay | obl |
| 31 | until | until | ADP | _ | 32 spring | case |
| 32 | spring | spring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stay | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | Buffalo | now | around lodges = lodge | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around they=Location | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Low Wolf | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | find a condition, not said to happen | could | lodges = lodge | plenty of timber and water | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is | would | buffalo | content property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | stay | to-infinitive | buffalo not said here | this place | spring | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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