The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 28

That night, as the little family sat about the fire eating fat buffalo ribs, Low Wolf said: “Ah, how foolish were the people not to come with me; here we have a fine sheltered camp, plenty of wood, and on all sides the buffalo darken the prairie.

Who acts: Low Wolf, foolish, we, buffalo · What happens: sit, eat, say, not come, have, shelter · To what, where: fat buffalo ribs, fine sheltered camp, prairie, sides · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Low Wolf, foolish, we, buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 night	det
2	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sat	obl:unmarked
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 night	punct
4	as	as	ADP	_	7 family	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 family	det
6	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 family	amod
7	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sat	obl
8	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	about	about	ADP	_	11 fire	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fire	det
11	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sat	obl
12	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 sat	advcl
13	fat	fat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 ribs	amod
14	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 ribs	compound
15	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 eating	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 said	punct
17	Low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 Wolf	amod
18	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 said	nsubj
19	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 sat	conj
20	:	:	PUNCT	_	25 foolish	punct
21	“	"	PUNCT	_	25 foolish	punct
22	Ah	ah	INTJ	_	25 foolish	discourse
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 foolish	punct
24	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	25 foolish	advmod
25	foolish	foolish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 come	nsubj
26	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 come	aux
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 people	det
28	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 come	nsubj
29	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	31 come	advmod
30	to	to	PART	_	31 come	mark
31	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 said	ccomp
32	with	with	ADP	_	33 me	case
33	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	31 come	obl
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 have	punct
35	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	37 have	advmod
36	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	37 have	nsubj
37	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 sat	parataxis
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	41 camp	det
39	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 camp	amod
40	sheltered	shelter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	41 camp	amod
41	camp	camp	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 have	obj
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 plenty	punct
43	plenty	plenty	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 camp	conj
44	of	of	ADP	_	45 wood	case
45	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 plenty	nmod
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 darken	punct
47	and	and	CCONJ	_	53 darken	cc
48	on	on	ADP	_	50 sides	case
49	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	50 sides	det
50	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 darken	obl
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 buffalo	det
52	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 darken	nsubj
53	darken	darken	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 have	conj
54	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	55 prairie	det
55	prairie	prairie	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 darken	obj
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 sat	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	past				night	as the little family; about the fire	tree rules
2	eat	gerund		fat buffalo ribs				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rib=Patient
3	say speech: assert	past	Low Wolf					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	not come in a quote	past	foolish				with Low Wolf = wolf; the people nsubj	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	have in a quote	present	we	a fine sheltered camp and plenty of wood	here			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camp=Patient
6	shelter in a quote	participle						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	darken in a quote	infinitive	the buffalo	the prairie	all sides			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent prairie=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/28/

🌲 The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 28

The tree

Pragmatics

The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 28