The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 31
Every morning Low Wolf went out to hunt, and his wife and daughter dried the meat that he brought in, tanned soft robes for sleeping and for covering, and cut great piles of fire-wood against the cold of approaching winter.
Who acts: Low Wolf, wife, Wolf, cold · What happens: go out, hunt, dry, bring in, tan, cut · To what, where: meat, soft robes, great piles
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Low Wolf, wife, Wolf, cold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 morning | det |
| 2 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | Low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Wolf | amod |
| 4 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 went | nsubj |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | out | out | ADV | _ | 5 went | advmod |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 hunt | mark |
| 8 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 went | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 dried | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 dried | cc |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 wife | nmod:poss |
| 12 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dried | nsubj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 daughter | cc |
| 14 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 wife | conj |
| 15 | dried | dry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 meat | det |
| 17 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dried | obj |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 brought | mark |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 brought | nsubj |
| 20 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 dried | advcl |
| 21 | in | in | ADV | _ | 20 brought | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 tanned | punct |
| 23 | tanned | tan | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 dried | conj |
| 24 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 robes | amod |
| 25 | robes | robe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 tanned | obj |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 sleeping | case |
| 27 | sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 robes | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 covering | cc |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 covering | case |
| 30 | covering | covering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 robes | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 cut | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 cut | cc |
| 33 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | parataxis |
| 34 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 piles | amod |
| 35 | piles | pile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 cut | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 wood | case |
| 37 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 wood | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 fire | punct |
| 39 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 piles | nmod |
| 40 | against | against | ADP | _ | 42 cold | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 cold | det |
| 42 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 wood | nmod |
| 43 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 44 approaching | mark |
| 44 | approaching | approach | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 cold | acl |
| 45 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 approaching | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go out | past | Low Wolf | morning | out property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | hunt | to-infinitive | Low Wolf not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | dry | past | Wolf's wife and daughter | the meat | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient meat=Result | ||||
| 4 | bring in | past | Wolf | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | tan | past | Wolf's wife and daughter not said here | soft robes and covering | for sleeping | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robe=Patient | |||
| 6 | cut | past | great piles of fire wood against the cold | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pile=Product | |||||
| 7 | approach | gerund | the cold not said here | winter | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/31/