The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 33
He was facing the river, his back towards her, but she supposed it was her father, although it seemed strange that he should follow her out into the timber, as there were no signs of any enemy about.
Who acts: man, Plover, river, it, signs · What happens: face, suppose, be, seem, follow out, sign · To what, where: river, father, Plover, timber, enemy
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, Plover, river, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 facing | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 facing | aux |
| 3 | facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 river | det |
| 5 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 facing | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 back | punct |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 back | nmod:poss |
| 8 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 river | conj |
| 9 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 10 her | case |
| 10 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 facing | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 supposed | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 supposed | cc |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 supposed | nsubj |
| 14 | supposed | suppose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 facing | conj |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 father | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 father | cop |
| 17 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 father | nmod:poss |
| 18 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 supposed | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 seemed | punct |
| 20 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 22 seemed | mark |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 seemed | nsubj |
| 22 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 supposed | parataxis |
| 23 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 seemed | xcomp |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 follow | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 follow | nsubj |
| 26 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 follow | aux |
| 27 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 seemed | xcomp |
| 28 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 follow | obj |
| 29 | out | out | ADP | _ | 27 follow | compound:prt |
| 30 | into | into | ADP | _ | 32 timber | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 timber | det |
| 32 | timber | timber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 follow | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 were | punct |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 were | mark |
| 35 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 36 were | expl |
| 36 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 seemed | conj |
| 37 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 38 signs | det |
| 38 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 were | nsubj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 enemy | case |
| 40 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 enemy | det |
| 41 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 signs | nmod |
| 42 | about | about | ADV | _ | 38 signs | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 facing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | face | past · progressive | man | the river and man's back | towards Plover | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent river=Destination | |||
| 2 | suppose | past | Plover | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | river | Plover's father | Plover nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 4 | seem | past | it | strange property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | follow out | should | man | Plover | the timber | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent she=Theme into timber=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | be | past | no signs of any enemy | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | sign | any enemy | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/33/