The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 58
He picked up his bow-case and quiver, slung it on his back and started, and shortly after he left the lodge, low, continuous rumbling of thunder was heard, beginning quite near the lodges, and finally dying away in the distance.
Who acts: stranger, thunder · What happens: pick up, sling, start, leave, hear, begin · To what, where: bow case, quiver, back, lodge, lodges
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stranger, thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 picked | nsubj |
| 2 | picked | pick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 picked | compound:prt |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 case | nmod:poss |
| 5 | bow | bow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 case | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 bow | punct |
| 7 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 picked | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 quiver | cc |
| 9 | quiver | quiver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 case | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 slung | punct |
| 11 | slung | sling | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 picked | parataxis |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 slung | obj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 back | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 back | nmod:poss |
| 15 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 slung | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 started | cc |
| 17 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 slung | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 left | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 left | cc |
| 20 | shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 23 left | advmod |
| 21 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 23 left | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 left | nsubj |
| 23 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 picked | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 lodge | det |
| 25 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 rumbling | punct |
| 27 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 rumbling | amod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 low | punct |
| 29 | continuous | continuous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 rumbling | amod |
| 30 | rumbling | rumbling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lodge | appos |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 thunder | case |
| 32 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rumbling | nmod |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 heard | aux:pass |
| 34 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 left | parataxis |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 beginning | punct |
| 36 | beginning | begin | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 heard | conj |
| 37 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 36 beginning | advmod |
| 38 | near | near | ADP | _ | 40 lodges | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 lodges | det |
| 40 | lodges | lodge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 beginning | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 dying | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 dying | cc |
| 43 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 44 dying | advmod |
| 44 | dying | die | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 picked | advcl |
| 45 | away | away | ADV | _ | 44 dying | advmod |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 48 distance | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 distance | det |
| 48 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 dying | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 picked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pick up | past | stranger | stranger's bow case and quiver | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Topic | ||||
| 2 | sling | past | quiver | stranger's back | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme on back=Destination | ||||
| 3 | start | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | leave | past | stranger | shortly property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | hear | past · passive | the lodge | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | begin | gerund | the lodges | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | die away | gerund | stranger not said here | in the distance; away, finally property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in distance=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | rumble | thunder | nom rumbling «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/58/