The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 71
Listening to him, both Plover Call and her father were ashamed of their fears, and resolved to make amends by treating the young man as kindly as they knew how.
Who acts: Plover Call, people · What happens: listen, be, resolve, make, treat, know · To what, where: husband, amends, young man
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plover Call, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Listening | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 ashamed | csubj |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 3 him | case |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Listening | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Listening | punct |
| 5 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 Call | nsubj |
| 6 | Plover | Plover | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Call | compound |
| 7 | Call | Call | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 ashamed | nsubj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 father | cc |
| 9 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 father | nmod:poss |
| 10 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Call | conj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 ashamed | cop |
| 12 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 fears | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 fears | nmod:poss |
| 15 | fears | fear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 ashamed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 resolved | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 resolved | cc |
| 18 | resolved | resolve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 ashamed | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 make | mark |
| 20 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 resolved | xcomp |
| 21 | amends | amend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 make | obj |
| 22 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 23 treating | mark |
| 23 | treating | treat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 make | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 man | det |
| 25 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 man | amod |
| 26 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 treating | obj |
| 27 | as | as | ADV | _ | 28 kindly | advmod |
| 28 | kindly | kindly | ADV | _ | 23 treating | advmod |
| 29 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 31 knew | mark |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 knew | nsubj |
| 31 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 treating | advcl |
| 32 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 knew | advmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 ashamed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | listen | gerund | husband | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to he=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is | past | Plover Call and Call's father | of people's fears; ashamed property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | resolve | participle | Plover Call and Call's father not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | make | to-infinitive | Plover Call and Call's father not said here | amends | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset amend=Product | ||||
| 5 | treat | gerund | Plover Call and Call's father not said here | the young man | kindly property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient | |||
| 6 | know | past | people | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | fear | people | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/71/