The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 85
“It is a very long distance that I must travel,” he said to them, “and I may be away many moons; but do not worry, for I shall return as soon as I can.”
Who acts: hunt, long distance, husband · What happens: be, travel, say, not worry, return · To what, where: long distance, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunt, long distance, husband), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 distance | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 distance | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 distance | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 distance | det |
| 5 | very | very | ADV | _ | 6 long | advmod |
| 6 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 distance | amod |
| 7 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 said | ccomp |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 travel | nsubj |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 travel | nsubj |
| 10 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 travel | aux |
| 11 | travel | travel | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 distance | acl:relcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 distance | punct |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 distance | punct |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | nsubj |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 them | case |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 “ | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 away | cc |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 away | nsubj |
| 22 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 away | aux |
| 23 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 24 away | cop |
| 24 | away | away | ADV | _ | 19 “ | advmod |
| 25 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 moons | amod |
| 26 | moons | moon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 away | nsubj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 worry | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 worry | cc |
| 29 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 31 worry | aux |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 worry | advmod |
| 31 | worry | worry | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 15 said | parataxis |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 return | punct |
| 33 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 36 return | mark |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 return | nsubj |
| 35 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 return | aux |
| 36 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 worry | parataxis |
| 37 | as | as | ADV | _ | 38 soon | advmod |
| 38 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 36 return | advmod |
| 39 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 41 can | mark |
| 40 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 can | nsubj |
| 41 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 soon | advcl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 31 worry | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 worry | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | hunt | a long distance | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | travel in a quote | must | a long distance | I nsubj | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | husband | people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | may | husband | many moons nsubj; away property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not worry in a quote | infinitive · do-support | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 6 | return in a quote | shall | husband | soon property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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