The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 86
With that he left the lodge, and peering through the folds of the doorway, they saw him vanish as before, and as the thunder rolled, saw the bird flying out across the valley, over the rim of the plain towards the south.
Who acts: husband, lodges, thunder, bird · What happens: leave, peer, see, vanish, roll, fly out · To what, where: lodge, husband, bird, rim, valley
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (husband, lodges, thunder, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 2 that | case |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 left | obl |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 left | nsubj |
| 4 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 lodge | det |
| 6 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 left | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 peering | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 peering | cc |
| 9 | peering | peer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 left | advcl |
| 10 | through | through | ADP | _ | 12 folds | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 folds | det |
| 12 | folds | fold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 peering | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 doorway | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 doorway | det |
| 15 | doorway | doorway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 folds | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 saw | punct |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 saw | nsubj |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 left | parataxis |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 saw | obj |
| 20 | vanish | vanish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 saw | xcomp |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 before | case |
| 22 | before | before | ADV | _ | 20 vanish | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 saw | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 saw | cc |
| 25 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 28 rolled | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 thunder | det |
| 27 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 rolled | nsubj |
| 28 | rolled | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 saw | advcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 rolled | punct |
| 30 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 saw | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 bird | det |
| 32 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 saw | obj |
| 33 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 32 bird | acl |
| 34 | out | out | ADP | _ | 33 flying | compound:prt |
| 35 | across | across | ADP | _ | 37 valley | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 valley | det |
| 37 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 flying | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 rim | punct |
| 39 | over | over | ADP | _ | 41 rim | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 rim | det |
| 41 | rim | rim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 saw | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 plain | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 plain | det |
| 44 | plain | plain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 rim | nmod |
| 45 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 47 south | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 south | det |
| 47 | south | south | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 plain | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 left | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past | husband | the lodge | with that | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent lodge=Recipient with that=Theme | |||
| 2 | peer | gerund | husband not said here | through the folds of the doorway | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through fold=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | past | lodges = lodge | husband | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | vanish | infinitive | husband not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | roll | past | the thunder | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | see | past | lodges = lodge not said here | the bird | the rim of the plain towards the south | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | fly out | gerund | the bird not said here | the valley | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across valley=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/86/