The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 104
Again and again, four times in all, the bird made a rushing dive at the helpless man, and each time he heard its nearing cry he prayed, crying out that he had not come to harm its young, but to ask its aid.
Who acts: bird, hurricane, dive · What happens: make, rush, hear, near, pray, cry out · To what, where: rushing dive, cry, young, aid · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bird, hurricane, dive), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADV | _ | 6 times | advmod |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 again | cc |
| 3 | again | again | ADV | _ | 1 Again | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Again | punct |
| 5 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 times | nummod |
| 6 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 made | obl:unmarked |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 all | case |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 times | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 times | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 bird | det |
| 11 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | nsubj |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 dive | det |
| 14 | rushing | rush | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 dive | amod |
| 15 | dive | dive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | obj |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 man | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 man | det |
| 18 | helpless | helpless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 man | amod |
| 19 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 heard | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 heard | cc |
| 22 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 23 time | det |
| 23 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 heard | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 heard | nsubj |
| 25 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 made | parataxis |
| 26 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 nearing | nsubj |
| 27 | nearing | near | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 heard | ccomp |
| 28 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 nearing | obj |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 prayed | nsubj |
| 30 | prayed | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 cry | acl:relcl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 crying | punct |
| 32 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 nearing | conj |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 crying | compound:prt |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 come | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 come | nsubj |
| 36 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 come | aux |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 come | advmod |
| 38 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 crying | advcl |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 harm | mark |
| 40 | harm | harm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 come | xcomp |
| 41 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 young | nmod:poss |
| 42 | young | young | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 harm | obj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 ask | punct |
| 44 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 ask | cc |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 ask | mark |
| 46 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 heard | conj |
| 47 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 aid | nmod:poss |
| 48 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 ask | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | the bird | a rushing dive | time | at the helpless man | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dive=Product | ||
| 2 | rush | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | hear | past | hurricane | time | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | near | gerund | dive | cry | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | pray | past | hurricane | cry not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | cry out speech: express | gerund | dive not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | not come | past | hurricane | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | harm | to-infinitive | hurricane not said here | dive's young | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus young=Experiencer | ||||
| 9 | ask speech: ask | to-infinitive | hurricane not said here | dive's aid | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent aid=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/104/