The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 3
The burning heats of summer, the cold, and the piercing snow-drifting winds of winter did not keep him back, if he thought game was to be found.
Who acts: burning, piercing, winds · What happens: heat, drift, not keep back, think, find, wind · To what, where: snow, game, winter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (burning, piercing, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 burning | det |
| 2 | burning | burning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heats | nsubj |
| 3 | heats | heat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 summer | case |
| 5 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heats | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 cold | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 cold | det |
| 8 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 heats | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 drifting | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 drifting | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 piercing | det |
| 12 | piercing | piercing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drifting | nsubj |
| 13 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drifting | nsubj |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 drifting | punct |
| 15 | drifting | drift | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 heats | conj |
| 16 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 keep | nsubj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 winter | case |
| 18 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 winds | nmod |
| 19 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 keep | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 keep | advmod |
| 21 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 drifting | conj |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 keep | obj |
| 23 | back | back | ADV | _ | 21 keep | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 thought | punct |
| 25 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 27 thought | mark |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 thought | nsubj |
| 27 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 drifting | conj |
| 28 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 found | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 found | aux:pass |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 found | mark |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 found | aux:pass |
| 32 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 thought | ccomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heats | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heat | present | the burning | summer | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | drift | gerund | the piercing | snow nsubj | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not keep back | past · do-support | winds of winter | snow | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other a condition, not said to happen | past | piercing | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | find | past · passive | game | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 6 | wind | winter | nom wind «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/3/