The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 55
Through all the pain, and the darkness of constant night, Pi-waṕ-ōk kept up a good heart, though at times, when he thought of the sunlight shimmering over the yellow prairie and painting the tops of the distant mountains with wondrous color, he was very sad to think that he was never again to behold it all, never again to join in the chase, never again to experience the fierce joy of battle.
Who acts: Pi, waṕ ōk, sunlight · What happens: ōk, keep up, think, shimmer, paint, be · To what, where: good heart, yellow prairie, tops, fierce joy, pain, battle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pi, waṕ ōk, sunlight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Through | through | ADP | _ | 4 pain | case |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 pain | det:predet |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 pain | det |
| 4 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 darkness | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 darkness | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 darkness | det |
| 8 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pain | conj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 night | case |
| 10 | constant | constant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 night | amod |
| 11 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 darkness | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 ōk | punct |
| 13 | Pi | pi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ōk | nsubj |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 Pi | punct |
| 15 | waṕ | waṕ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ōk | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 ōk | punct |
| 17 | ōk | ōk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pain | conj |
| 18 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 ōk | acl |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 kept | compound:prt |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 heart | det |
| 21 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 heart | amod |
| 22 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 kept | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 times | punct |
| 24 | though | though | ADV | _ | 26 times | advmod |
| 25 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 times | case |
| 26 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 heart | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 thought | punct |
| 28 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 thought | advmod |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 thought | nsubj |
| 30 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 pain | parataxis |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 sunlight | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 sunlight | det |
| 33 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 thought | obl |
| 34 | shimmering | shimmer | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 sunlight | acl |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 38 prairie | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 prairie | det |
| 37 | yellow | yellow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 prairie | amod |
| 38 | prairie | prairie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 shimmering | obl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 painting | cc |
| 40 | painting | paint | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 shimmering | conj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 tops | det |
| 42 | tops | top | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 painting | obj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 mountains | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 mountains | det |
| 45 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 mountains | amod |
| 46 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 tops | nmod |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 color | case |
| 48 | wondrous | wondrous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 color | amod |
| 49 | color | color | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 painting | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 sad | punct |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 sad | nsubj |
| 52 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 sad | cop |
| 53 | very | very | ADV | _ | 54 sad | advmod |
| 54 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 thought | conj |
| 55 | to | to | PART | _ | 56 think | mark |
| 56 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 sad | csubj |
| 57 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 63 behold | mark |
| 58 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 behold | nsubj |
| 59 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 63 behold | cop |
| 60 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 61 again | advmod |
| 61 | again | again | ADV | _ | 63 behold | advmod |
| 62 | to | to | PART | _ | 63 behold | mark |
| 63 | behold | behold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 think | ccomp |
| 64 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 behold | obj |
| 65 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 64 it | det |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 again | punct |
| 67 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 68 again | advmod |
| 68 | again | again | ADV | _ | 63 behold | advmod |
| 69 | to | to | PART | _ | 70 join | mark |
| 70 | join | join | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 68 again | advcl |
| 71 | in | in | ADP | _ | 73 chase | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 chase | det |
| 73 | chase | chase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 join | obl |
| 74 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 again | punct |
| 75 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 76 again | advmod |
| 76 | again | again | ADV | _ | 56 think | advmod |
| 77 | to | to | PART | _ | 78 experience | mark |
| 78 | experience | experience | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 76 again | advcl |
| 79 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 joy | det |
| 80 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 joy | amod |
| 81 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 experience | obj |
| 82 | of | of | ADP | _ | 83 battle | case |
| 83 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 joy | nmod |
| 84 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 pain | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ōk | Pi | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | keep up | participle | waṕ ōk not said here | a good heart and times | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | past | Pi | of the sunlight | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | shimmer | gerund | the sunlight not said here | the yellow prairie | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over prairie=Location | ||||
| 5 | paint | gerund | the sunlight not said here | the tops of the distant mountains | with wondrous color | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent top=Destination with color=Theme | |||
| 6 | is | past | Pi | sad property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | think speech: other | to-infinitive | again; never | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 8 | is | past | Pi | again; again; never; never | color obj; behold property | tree rules | |||
| 9 | join | to-infinitive | Pi not said here | in the chase | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in chase=Theme | ||||
| 10 | experience | to-infinitive | the fierce joy of battle | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer joy=Stimulus | |||||
| 12 | joy | battle | nom joy «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/55/