The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 61
Far up in the air, it looks down upon the world, and nothing escapes its eye, from the great brown buffalo quietly grazing to the little ground squirrel hunting about its hole for a root of grass.”
Who acts: sight, nothing, great brown buffalo · What happens: look down, escape, graze, hunt · To what, where: eye, great brown buffalo
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sight, nothing, great brown buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 looks | advmod |
| 2 | up | up | ADV | _ | 1 Far | advmod |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 air | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 air | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Far | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Far | punct |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 looks | nsubj |
| 8 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | down | down | ADV | _ | 8 looks | advmod |
| 10 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 12 world | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 world | det |
| 12 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 looks | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 escapes | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 escapes | cc |
| 15 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 16 escapes | nsubj |
| 16 | escapes | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 looks | conj |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 eye | nmod:poss |
| 18 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 escapes | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 buffalo | punct |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 buffalo | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 buffalo | det |
| 22 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 buffalo | amod |
| 23 | brown | brown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 buffalo | amod |
| 24 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 escapes | obl |
| 25 | quietly | quietly | ADV | _ | 26 grazing | advmod |
| 26 | grazing | graze | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 buffalo | acl |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 squirrel | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 squirrel | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 squirrel | amod |
| 30 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 squirrel | compound |
| 31 | squirrel | squirrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 grazing | obl |
| 32 | hunting | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 grazing | conj |
| 33 | about | about | ADP | _ | 35 hole | case |
| 34 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 hole | nmod:poss |
| 35 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hunting | obl |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 root | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 root | det |
| 38 | root | root | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 hunting | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 grass | case |
| 40 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 root | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 looks | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 looks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look down | present | sight | upon the world; down, far property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon world=Theme | ||||
| 2 | escape | present | nothing | sight's eye | the great brown buffalo | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | graze | gerund | the great brown buffalo not said here | to the little ground squirrel; quietly property | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | hunt | gerund | the great brown buffalo not said here | about sight's hole; for a root of grass | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent about hole=Location for root=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/61/