The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 60
In his mind he saw the great bird soar, now high, now low, with scarcely a movement of its powerful wings, saw the flash of golden light on its body as it turned to the rising sun. “Ah,” he thought, “if my sight were only as good as that bird’s, how happy I should be!
Who acts: stir, flash, sight, golden light, my · What happens: see, turn, rise, think, be, mind · To what, where: great bird soar, mind, flash, body, rising sun., powerful wings · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stir, flash, sight, golden light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 mind | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 mind | nmod:poss |
| 3 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 saw | nsubj |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 soar | det |
| 7 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 soar | amod |
| 8 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 soar | compound |
| 9 | soar | soar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 high | punct |
| 11 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 high | advmod |
| 12 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 soar | amod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 low | punct |
| 14 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 low | advmod |
| 15 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 high | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 movement | punct |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 movement | case |
| 18 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 20 movement | advmod |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 movement | det |
| 20 | movement | movement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | conj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 wings | case |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 wings | nmod:poss |
| 23 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 wings | amod |
| 24 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 movement | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 saw | punct |
| 26 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 saw | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 flash | det |
| 28 | flash | flash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 saw | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 light | case |
| 30 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 light | amod |
| 31 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 flash | nmod |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 body | case |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 body | nmod:poss |
| 34 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 saw | obl |
| 35 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 37 turned | mark |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 turned | nsubj |
| 37 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 saw | advcl |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 sun. | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 sun. | det |
| 40 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 41 sun. | amod |
| 41 | sun. | sun. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 turned | obl |
| 42 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 47 thought | punct |
| 43 | Ah | ah | INTJ | _ | 47 thought | discourse |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 Ah | punct |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 43 Ah | punct |
| 46 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 thought | nsubj |
| 47 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 turned | conj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 good | punct |
| 49 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 good | punct |
| 50 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 56 good | mark |
| 51 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 sight | nmod:poss |
| 52 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 good | nsubj |
| 53 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 good | cop |
| 54 | only | only | ADV | _ | 56 good | advmod |
| 55 | as | as | ADV | _ | 56 good | advmod |
| 56 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 thought | ccomp |
| 57 | as | as | ADP | _ | 59 bird | case |
| 58 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 59 bird | det |
| 59 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 good | obl |
| 60 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 59 bird | case |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 happy | punct |
| 62 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 63 happy | advmod |
| 63 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 good | conj |
| 64 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 66 be | nsubj |
| 65 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 66 be | aux |
| 66 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 63 happy | ccomp |
| 67 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | stir | the great bird soar | stir's mind | a movement of movement's powerful wings conj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer soar=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | see | past | stir not said here | the flash of golden light | light's body | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flash=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | turn | past | flash | the rising sun. | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to sun.=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | rise | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | think speech: other | past | stir | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | past | my sight | as that bird; good property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | be in a quote | my sight not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 8 | be in a quote | should | stir | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | mind | stir | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 10 | move | movement's powerful wings | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 11 | flash | golden light | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 12 | sight in a quote | my | nom sight «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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