The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 88
At last, tired and breathless, they came to where the gnarled and stunted tree hung to the cliff’s face by its giant roots.
Who acts: last · What happens: come, gnarl, stunt, hang · To what, where: gnarled tree
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 came | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 tired | punct |
| 4 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 last | conj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 breathless | cc |
| 6 | breathless | breathless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 last | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 came | punct |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 came | nsubj |
| 9 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 where | case |
| 11 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 9 came | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 tree | det |
| 13 | gnarled | gnarl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 tree | amod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 stunted | cc |
| 15 | stunted | stunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 gnarled | conj |
| 16 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 where | nsubj |
| 17 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 tree | acl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 face | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 cliff | det |
| 20 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 face | nmod:poss |
| 21 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 20 cliff | case |
| 22 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hung | obl |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 roots | case |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 roots | nmod:poss |
| 25 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 roots | amod |
| 26 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 hung | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | last | steps = step nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | gnarl | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | stunt | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | hang | participle | the gnarled tree not said here | to the cliff's face; by face's giant roots | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by root=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/88/