The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk, sentence 89
“Hai!” said the guide; “I never thought we would reach it; here we are at last.
Who acts: Hai, we · What happens: say, not think, reach, be · To what, where: guide · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Blindness of Pi-waṕ-ōk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hai, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hai | punct |
| 2 | Hai | Hai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 3 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hai | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Hai | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 guide | det |
| 7 | guide | guide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 thought | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 thought | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 thought | nsubj |
| 11 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 12 thought | advmod |
| 12 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | conj |
| 13 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 reach | nsubj |
| 14 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 reach | aux |
| 15 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 thought | ccomp |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 reach | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 last | punct |
| 18 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 last | advmod |
| 19 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 last | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 last | cop |
| 21 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 last | case |
| 22 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 said | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hai | the guide | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent guide=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not think speech: other in a quote | past | Hai | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | reach in a quote | would | we | guide | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | we | here | last property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/13/89/