The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 32
On foot they made their way along the lower hills, climbed up through the narrow pass, and at length stood on the top of the mountain range, from which they could look out over the lower country to the west.
Who acts: streams · What happens: make, climb up, stand, look out · To what, where: way, foot, narrow pass, length, lower country
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (streams), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 2 foot | case |
| 2 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obl |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 made | nsubj |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 way | nmod:poss |
| 6 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obj |
| 7 | along | along | ADP | _ | 10 hills | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 hills | det |
| 9 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 hills | amod |
| 10 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 made | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 climbed | punct |
| 12 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | parataxis |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 climbed | compound:prt |
| 14 | through | through | ADP | _ | 17 pass | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 pass | det |
| 16 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 pass | amod |
| 17 | pass | pass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 climbed | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 stood | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 stood | cc |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 length | case |
| 21 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stood | obl |
| 22 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | conj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 top | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 top | det |
| 25 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stood | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 range | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 range | det |
| 28 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 range | compound |
| 29 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 top | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 look | punct |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 which | case |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 look | obl |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 look | nsubj |
| 34 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 look | aux |
| 35 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 stood | conj |
| 36 | out | out | ADP | _ | 35 look | compound:prt |
| 37 | over | over | ADP | _ | 40 country | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 country | det |
| 39 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 country | amod |
| 40 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 look | obl |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 43 west | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 west | det |
| 43 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 country | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | streams = stream | streams's way | foot | along the lower hills | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset way=Product | ||
| 2 | climb up | past | the narrow pass | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pass=Trajectory | |||||
| 3 | stand | past | streams = stream not said here | length | on the top of the mountain range | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at length=Location | |||
| 4 | look out | could | streams = stream | the lower country to the west | which obl | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/32/