The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 48
He found two that he liked, and cut the ropes that held them, and led them back across the stream to where he had left his friend; but when he reached the place his friend was not waiting there.
Who acts: boy, ropes, friend · What happens: find, like, cut, hold, lead back, leave · To what, where: two, ropes, stream, friend, place
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, ropes, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 found | nsubj |
| 2 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 found | obj |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 liked | obj |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 liked | nsubj |
| 6 | liked | like | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 two | acl:relcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 cut | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 cut | cc |
| 9 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 found | parataxis |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 ropes | det |
| 11 | ropes | rope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cut | obj |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 held | nsubj |
| 13 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 ropes | acl:relcl |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 held | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 led | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 led | cc |
| 17 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 found | conj |
| 18 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 led | obj |
| 19 | back | back | ADV | _ | 17 led | advmod |
| 20 | across | across | ADP | _ | 22 stream | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 stream | det |
| 22 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 led | obl |
| 23 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 27 left | mark |
| 24 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 27 left | advmod |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 left | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 left | aux |
| 27 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 led | advcl |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 friend | nmod:poss |
| 29 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 left | obj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 reached | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 reached | cc |
| 32 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 34 reached | mark |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 reached | nsubj |
| 34 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 found | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 place | det |
| 36 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 reached | obj |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 friend | nmod:poss |
| 38 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 waiting | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 waiting | aux |
| 40 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 waiting | advmod |
| 41 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 reached | advcl |
| 42 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 waiting | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | boy | two | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Topic | ||||
| 2 | like | past | boy | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot that=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cut | past | the ropes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rope=Product | |||||
| 4 | hold | past | the ropes | ropes = rope | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 5 | lead back | past | boy not said here | ropes = rope | the stream | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme across stream=Destination | |||
| 6 | leave | past · perfect | boy | boy's friend | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme | ||||
| 7 | reach | past | boy | the place | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 8 | not wait | past · progressive | boy's friend | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/48/