The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Ragged Head, sentence 50
As he was wading through the water, carrying his gun muzzle up so that the ramrod should not fall out, and when he was near the other bank, he saw a man standing there, and thought it was his friend.
Who acts: man, gun, ramrod · What happens: wade, carry, muzzle up, not fall out, be, see · To what, where: water, other bank, man, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Ragged Head. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, gun, ramrod), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 4 wading | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 wading | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 wading | aux |
| 4 | wading | wade | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 saw | advcl |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 water | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 water | det |
| 7 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wading | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 carrying | punct |
| 9 | carrying | carry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 wading | advcl |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 gun | nmod:poss |
| 11 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 muzzle | nsubj |
| 12 | muzzle | muzzle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 carrying | ccomp |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 muzzle | compound:prt |
| 14 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 20 fall | mark |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 so | fixed |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 ramrod | det |
| 17 | ramrod | ramrod | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 fall | nsubj |
| 18 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 fall | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 fall | advmod |
| 20 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 muzzle | advcl |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 20 fall | compound:prt |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 bank | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 bank | cc |
| 24 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 30 bank | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 bank | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 bank | cop |
| 27 | near | near | ADP | _ | 30 bank | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 bank | det |
| 29 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 bank | amod |
| 30 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 wading | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 wading | punct |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 saw | nsubj |
| 33 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 man | det |
| 35 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 saw | obj |
| 36 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 man | acl |
| 37 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 36 standing | advmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 thought | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 thought | cc |
| 40 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 saw | conj |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 friend | nsubj |
| 42 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 friend | cop |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 friend | nmod:poss |
| 44 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 thought | ccomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wade | past · progressive | man | the water | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through water=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | carry | gerund | man not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | muzzle up | present | man's gun | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | not fall out | should | the ramrod | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | past | man | the other bank | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | see | past | man | a man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | stand | gerund | a man not said here | there | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | think speech: other | past | man not said here | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | is a | past | ramrod | man's friend | man nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/14/50/