The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Nothing Child, sentence 34
When he had tightened his belt and was just about to climb the tree, the bear spoke to him and said: “You had better not do this.
Who acts: boy, bear · What happens: tighten, be, speak, say, not do · To what, where: belt, boy, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Nothing Child. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 tightened | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 tightened | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tightened | aux |
| 4 | tightened | tighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 belt | nmod:poss |
| 6 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tightened | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 climb | cc |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 climb | cop |
| 9 | just | just | ADV | _ | 10 about | advmod |
| 10 | about | about | ADV | _ | 12 climb | advmod |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 climb | mark |
| 12 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 tightened | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 tree | det |
| 14 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 climb | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 spoke | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 bear | det |
| 17 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 spoke | nsubj |
| 18 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 tree | parataxis |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 spoke | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 spoke | conj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 had | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 had | punct |
| 25 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 had | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 do | aux |
| 27 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 26 had | advmod |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 do | advmod |
| 29 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 said | ccomp |
| 30 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 do | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tighten | past · perfect | boy | boy's belt | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent belt=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | past | boy not said here | the tree obj; about, climb property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | the bear | boy | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the bear not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not do in a quote | past | this | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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