The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Shield Quiver’s Wife, sentence 51
He made signs to her, saying, “Who are you, and what tribe do you belong to?”
Who acts: son, you, tribe · What happens: make, say, be, belong · To what, where: signs, mother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Shield Quiver’s Wife. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, you, tribe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 made | nsubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 made | obj |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 her | case |
| 5 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 made | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 saying | punct |
| 7 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 made | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Who | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Who | punct |
| 10 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 saying | obj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 Who | cop |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 Who | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 what | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 what | cc |
| 15 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 made | parataxis |
| 16 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 belong | nsubj |
| 17 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 belong | aux |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 belong | nsubj |
| 19 | belong | belong | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 what | acl:relcl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 belong | obl |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 made | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | son | signs | mother | what parataxis | tree rules | ||
| 2 | say speech: ask | gerund | son not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | you | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | belong in a quote | present · do-support | tribe | you nsubj | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/16/51/