The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Shield Quiver’s Wife, sentence 71
In a minute he heard the footsteps of some one coming, running, and he said, “Look out! here comes somebody,” and he tried to throw her off, but he could not.
Who acts: husband, footsteps · What happens: hear, come, run, say, look out, try · To what, where: somebody, girl · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Shield Quiver’s Wife. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (husband, footsteps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 minute | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 minute | det |
| 3 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 footsteps | det |
| 7 | footsteps | footstep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 coming | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 one | case |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 one | det |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 footsteps | nmod |
| 11 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 heard | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 running | punct |
| 13 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 coming | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 said | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 said | cc |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 said | nsubj |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Look | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 Look | punct |
| 20 | Look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 24 comes | nsubj |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 20 Look | compound:prt |
| 22 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 20 Look | punct |
| 23 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 Look | advmod |
| 24 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 said | ccomp |
| 25 | somebody | somebody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 24 comes | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 somebody | punct |
| 27 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 comes | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 tried | cc |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 tried | nsubj |
| 30 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 said | conj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 throw | mark |
| 32 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 tried | xcomp |
| 33 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 throw | obj |
| 34 | off | off | ADP | _ | 32 throw | compound:prt |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 could | punct |
| 36 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 38 could | cc |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 could | nsubj |
| 38 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | conj |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 could | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | husband | minute | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | come | gerund | the footsteps of some one | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | run | gerund | the footsteps of some one not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | say speech: express | past | husband | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | look out in a quote | infinitive | here | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | come in a quote | present | somebody | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location somebody=Theme | |||||
| 7 | try | past | husband | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | throw off not said to happen | to-infinitive | husband not said here | girl | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/16/71/