The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Shield Quiver’s Wife, sentence 72
He raised himself up while she clung to him, and the Snake made a pass at him with the lance, but he was afraid of killing the woman, and he missed the man, and Shield Quiver caught hold of the lance.
Who acts: husband, girl, Snake, Shield · What happens: raise up, cling, make, be, kill, miss · To what, where: husband, pass, woman, man, hold, lance
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Shield Quiver’s Wife. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (husband, girl, Snake, Shield), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 raised | nsubj |
| 2 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 2 raised | obj |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 raised | compound:prt |
| 5 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 7 clung | mark |
| 6 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 clung | nsubj |
| 7 | clung | cling | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 raised | advcl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 him | case |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 clung | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 made | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 made | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Snake | det |
| 13 | Snake | Snake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 made | nsubj |
| 14 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 raised | parataxis |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 pass | det |
| 16 | pass | pass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 made | obj |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 made | obl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 lance | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 lance | det |
| 21 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 made | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 afraid | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 afraid | cc |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 afraid | nsubj |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 afraid | cop |
| 26 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 made | advcl |
| 27 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 28 killing | mark |
| 28 | killing | kill | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 afraid | advcl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 woman | det |
| 30 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 killing | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 missed | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 missed | cc |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 missed | nsubj |
| 34 | missed | miss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 raised | parataxis |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 man | det |
| 36 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 missed | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 caught | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 caught | cc |
| 39 | Shield | Shield | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 caught | nsubj |
| 40 | Quiver | Quiver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Shield | flat |
| 41 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 raised | parataxis |
| 42 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 caught | obj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 lance | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 lance | det |
| 45 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 hold | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 raised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise up | past | husband | husband | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cling | past | girl | husband | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to he=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | make | past | the Snake | a pass | at husband; with the lance | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pass=Product | |||
| 4 | is | past | husband | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | kill | gerund | husband not said here | the woman | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woman=Theme | ||||
| 6 | miss | past | husband | the man | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | catch | past | Shield | hold of the lance | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme | ||||
| 8 | hold | the lance | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/16/72/