The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 1

In ancient times, long before the people had found horses and used them instead of dogs to bear burdens and drag lodge poles, there lived Man-yan—New Robe—an orphan.

Who acts: people · What happens: find, use, bear, drag, live · To what, where: horses, burdens, lodge poles, Man yan

This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 times	case
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 times	amod
3	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 found	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 times	punct
5	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 people	advmod
6	before	before	ADP	_	8 people	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 people	det
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 found	nsubj
9	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 found	aux
10	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
11	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 found	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 used	cc
13	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 found	conj
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 used	obj
15	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	17 dogs	case
16	of	of	ADP	_	15 instead	fixed
17	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 used	obl
18	to	to	PART	_	19 bear	mark
19	bear	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 used	advcl
20	burdens	burden	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 bear	obj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 drag	cc
22	drag	drag	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 bear	conj
23	lodge	lodge	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 poles	compound
24	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 drag	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 lived	punct
26	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	27 lived	expl
27	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 found	conj
28	Man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 yan	compound
29	-	-	PUNCT	_	28 Man	punct
30	yan	yan	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 lived	obj
31	—	-	PUNCT	_	33 Robe	punct
32	New	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 Robe	amod
33	Robe	Robe	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 yan	appos
34	—	-	PUNCT	_	36 orphan	punct
35	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 orphan	det
36	orphan	orphan	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 yan	conj
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 found	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · perfect	the people	horses		time		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Topic
2	use	past	the people not said here	horses = horse			instead dogs	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	bear	to-infinitive	the people not said here	burdens				vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent burden=Patient
4	drag	infinitive	the people not said here	lodge poles				vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pole=Theme
5	live	past	the people not said here	Man yan and a orphan	there			vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme yan=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/1/

🌲 The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 1

The tree

Pragmatics

The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 1