The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 3
His parents, hopeful for his future, had given their son a good name, but in all his life up to the time he was seventeen or eighteen years old, he had never worn a new robe or any other new article of clothing.
Who acts: life · What happens: give, be, not wear, article · To what, where: parents, seventeen, new robe, clothing
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 parents | nmod:poss |
| 2 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 given | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 hopeful | punct |
| 4 | hopeful | hopeful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 parents | amod |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 future | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 future | nmod:poss |
| 7 | future | future | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hopeful | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 parents | punct |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 given | aux |
| 10 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 son | nmod:poss |
| 12 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 given | obj |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 name | det |
| 14 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 name | amod |
| 15 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 given | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 old | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 old | cc |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 life | case |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 life | det:predet |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 life | nmod:poss |
| 21 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 old | nsubj |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 life | compound:prt |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 time | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 time | det |
| 25 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 old | obl |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 seventeen | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 seventeen | cop |
| 28 | seventeen | seventeen | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 years | nummod |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 eighteen | cc |
| 30 | eighteen | eighteen | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 seventeen | conj |
| 31 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 old | obl:unmarked |
| 32 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 given | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 worn | punct |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 worn | nsubj |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 worn | aux |
| 36 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 37 worn | advmod |
| 37 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 32 old | conj |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 robe | det |
| 39 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 robe | amod |
| 40 | robe | robe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 worn | obj |
| 41 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 45 article | cc |
| 42 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 45 article | det |
| 43 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 article | amod |
| 44 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 article | amod |
| 45 | article | article | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 robe | conj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 clothing | case |
| 47 | clothing | clothing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 article | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past · perfect · passive | Robe's parents | parents's son obj; a good name obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | life | seventeen | eighteen conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not wear | past · perfect | life | a new robe or any other new article of clothing | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent robe=Theme | ||||
| 4 | article | clothing | nom article «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/3/