The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Beaver Stick, sentence 60
They all wore clothing of beautiful material and fashion, but he now noticed that the skin of each of these persons, wherever it could be seen—even their faces—was covered with fine fur, that of the two sons being pure white.
Who acts: beds, Robe · What happens: wear, notice, see, cover, be · To what, where: clothing, skin · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Beaver Stick. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beds, Robe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 wore | nsubj |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 wore | advmod |
| 3 | wore | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | clothing | clothing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wore | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 material | case |
| 6 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 material | amod |
| 7 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 clothing | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 fashion | cc |
| 9 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 material | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 noticed | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 noticed | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 noticed | nsubj |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 noticed | advmod |
| 14 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 wore | conj |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 covered | mark |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 skin | det |
| 17 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 each | case |
| 19 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 skin | nmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 persons | case |
| 21 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 22 persons | det |
| 22 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 each | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 seen | punct |
| 24 | wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 seen | advmod |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 seen | aux |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 seen | aux:pass |
| 28 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 persons | acl |
| 29 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 faces | punct |
| 30 | even | even | ADV | _ | 32 faces | advmod |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 faces | nmod:poss |
| 32 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 seen | obl |
| 33 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 faces | punct |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 covered | aux:pass |
| 35 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 noticed | ccomp |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 fur | case |
| 37 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 fur | amod |
| 38 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 covered | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 that | punct |
| 40 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 38 fur | nmod |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 sons | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 sons | det |
| 43 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 sons | nummod |
| 44 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 that | nmod |
| 45 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 46 pure | cop |
| 46 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 white | csubj |
| 47 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 sons | amod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wore | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wear | past | beds = bed | clothing of beautiful material and fashion | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent clothing=Theme | ||||
| 2 | notice | past | Robe | now | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | see | could · passive | skin | beds's faces obl; wherever property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | cover | past · passive | the skin of each of this persons | with fine fur that of the two sons | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with fur=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | gerund | pure property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/17/60/