The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 115
He led her to the top of another hill, and then, looking away along the ridge, she saw that he had led her around a band of grizzly bears, feeding and playing on the steep slope.
Who acts: yé, pi · What happens: lead, look away, see, feed, play · To what, where: pi, top, band, steep slope · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (yé, pi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 led | nsubj |
| 2 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 led | obj |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 top | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 top | det |
| 6 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 led | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 hill | case |
| 8 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 hill | det |
| 9 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 top | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 looking | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 looking | cc |
| 12 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 looking | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 looking | punct |
| 14 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 led | advcl |
| 15 | away | away | ADV | _ | 14 looking | advmod |
| 16 | along | along | ADP | _ | 18 ridge | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 ridge | det |
| 18 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 looking | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 saw | punct |
| 20 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 saw | nsubj |
| 21 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 led | parataxis |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 led | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 led | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 led | aux |
| 25 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 saw | ccomp |
| 26 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 led | obj |
| 27 | around | around | ADP | _ | 29 band | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 band | det |
| 29 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 led | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 bears | case |
| 31 | grizzly | grizzly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 bears | amod |
| 32 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 band | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 feeding | punct |
| 34 | feeding | feed | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 led | conj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 playing | cc |
| 36 | playing | play | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 feeding | conj |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 40 slope | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 slope | det |
| 39 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 slope | amod |
| 40 | slope | slope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 playing | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | yé | pi | the top of another hill | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to top=Destination | |||
| 2 | look away | gerund | yé not said here | then | along the ridge; away property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent along ridge=Theme | |||
| 3 | see | past | pi | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | lead | past · perfect | yé | pi | a band of grizzly bears | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme around band=Destination | |||
| 5 | feed | gerund | yé not said here | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | play | gerund | yé not said here | the steep slope | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/115/