The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 132

Pretty soon she heard people talking; they were some distance away, but the murmur of their voices seemed familiar; they came nearer, and she heard one say, in her own language, “Let’s cross the river here.”

Who acts: woman, people, murmur, ’s · What happens: hear, talk, be, seem, come, let · To what, where: people, distance, one say, ’s, river, voices · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, people, murmur, ’s), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pretty	pretty	ADV	_	2 soon	advmod
2	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 heard	advmod
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 heard	nsubj
4	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heard	obj
6	talking	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 people	acl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 distance	punct
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 distance	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 distance	cop
10	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	11 distance	det
11	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heard	conj
12	away	away	ADV	_	11 distance	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 seemed	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	20 seemed	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 murmur	det
16	murmur	murmur	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 seemed	nsubj
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 voices	case
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 voices	nmod:poss
19	voices	voice	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 murmur	nmod
20	seemed	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 heard	conj
21	familiar	familiar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 seemed	xcomp
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 came	punct
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 came	nsubj
24	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 heard	conj
25	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	24 came	xcomp
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 heard	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 heard	cc
28	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 heard	nsubj
29	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 heard	conj
30	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	31 say	nummod
31	say	say	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 heard	obj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 language	punct
33	in	in	ADP	_	36 language	case
34	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	36 language	nmod:poss
35	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 language	amod
36	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 heard	obj
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 Let	punct
38	“	"	PUNCT	_	39 Let	punct
39	Let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	36 language	parataxis
40	’s	we	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 Let	obj
41	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	39 Let	xcomp
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 river	det
43	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 cross	obj
44	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	41 cross	advmod
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	39 Let	punct
46	”	"	PUNCT	_	36 language	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hear	past	woman	people		soon property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus
2	talk	gerund	people not said here				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	past	people	some distance		away property	tree rules
4	seem	past	the murmur of people's voices			familiar property	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
5	come	past	people			near property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	hear	past	woman	one say		woman's own language obj	tree rules
7	let in a quote	infinitive		’s			tree rules
8	cross in a quote	infinitive	’s not said here	the river	here		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient
9	murmur			people's voices			nom murmur «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/132/

🌲 The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 132

The tree

Pragmatics

The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 132