The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Little Friend Coyote, sentence 151
One of the two contestants rolled the ring over a smooth prepared course, and when it had been set in motion the players ran after it side by side, each one trying to throw his stick through the ring.
Who acts: players, one · What happens: roll, set, run, try, throw · To what, where: One, smooth prepared course, ring, motion, stick
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Little Friend Coyote. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (players, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 rolled | obl |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 contestants | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 contestants | det |
| 4 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 contestants | nummod |
| 5 | contestants | contestant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 rolled | obl |
| 6 | rolled | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ring | det |
| 8 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rolled | obj |
| 9 | over | over | ADP | _ | 13 course | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 course | det |
| 11 | smooth | smooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 course | amod |
| 12 | prepared | prepared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 course | amod |
| 13 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rolled | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 set | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 set | cc |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 set | advmod |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 set | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 set | aux |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 set | aux:pass |
| 20 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 rolled | conj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 motion | case |
| 22 | motion | motion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 set | obl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 players | det |
| 24 | players | player | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 ran | nsubj |
| 25 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 motion | acl:relcl |
| 26 | after | after | ADP | _ | 28 side | case |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 side | nsubj |
| 28 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 ran | obl |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 side | case |
| 30 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 side | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 one | punct |
| 32 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 one | det |
| 33 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 motion | appos |
| 34 | trying | try | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 one | acl |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 throw | mark |
| 36 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 trying | xcomp |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 stick | nmod:poss |
| 38 | stick | stick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 throw | obj |
| 39 | through | through | ADP | _ | 41 ring | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 ring | det |
| 41 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 throw | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 rolled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roll | past | One | a smooth prepared course | of the two contestants; the ring obj | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent ring=Theme of contestant=Initial_Location over course=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | set | past · perfect · passive | ring | motion | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in motion=Destination | ||||
| 3 | run | past | the players | motion not said here | after side ring by side | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme motion=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | try | gerund | each one not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | throw not said to happen | to-infinitive | each one not said here | player's stick | the ring | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stick=Theme through ring=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/18/151/