The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 1
The stories in this book deal with peoples of widely different surroundings and habit—some with dwellers on the sea-shore, whose skies are often obscured by rain and fog, who draw their living from the sea, and are at home on the water; and others with inhabitants of the high plains, where the air is pure and dry, and the summer sun is rarely hidden by clouds.
Who acts: rain, air, clouds, skies · What happens: obscure, draw, be, hide, live · To what, where: skies, living, sea, home, summer sun, others
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, air, clouds, skies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stories | det |
| 2 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 others | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 deal | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 deal | det |
| 5 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 deal | compound |
| 6 | deal | deal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stories | nmod |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 peoples | case |
| 8 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 deal | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 surroundings | case |
| 10 | widely | widely | ADV | _ | 11 different | advmod |
| 11 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 surroundings | amod |
| 12 | surroundings | surroundings | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 8 peoples | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 habit | cc |
| 14 | habit | habit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 surroundings | conj |
| 15 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 some | punct |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 stories | conj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 dwellers | case |
| 18 | dwellers | dweller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 some | nmod |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 shore | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 shore | det |
| 21 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shore | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 sea | punct |
| 23 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 dwellers | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 obscured | punct |
| 25 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 26 skies | nmod:poss |
| 26 | skies | sky | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 obscured | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 obscured | aux:pass |
| 28 | often | often | ADV | _ | 29 obscured | advmod |
| 29 | obscured | obscure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 shore | acl:relcl |
| 30 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 rain | case |
| 31 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 obscured | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 fog | cc |
| 33 | fog | fog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rain | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 draw | punct |
| 35 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 draw | nsubj |
| 36 | draw | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 rain | parataxis |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 living | nmod:poss |
| 38 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 draw | obj |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 41 sea | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 sea | det |
| 41 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 draw | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 home | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 home | cc |
| 44 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 home | cop |
| 45 | at | at | ADP | _ | 46 home | case |
| 46 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stories | conj |
| 47 | on | on | ADP | _ | 49 water | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 water | det |
| 49 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 home | nmod |
| 50 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 52 others | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 others | cc |
| 52 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 53 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 inhabitants | case |
| 54 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 others | nmod |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 plains | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 plains | det |
| 57 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 plains | amod |
| 58 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 inhabitants | nmod |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 pure | punct |
| 60 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 64 pure | advmod |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 air | det |
| 62 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 pure | nsubj |
| 63 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 64 pure | cop |
| 64 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 plains | parataxis |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 dry | cc |
| 66 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 pure | conj |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 hidden | punct |
| 68 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 hidden | cc |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 71 sun | det |
| 70 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 sun | compound |
| 71 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 72 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 74 hidden | aux:pass |
| 73 | rarely | rarely | ADV | _ | 74 hidden | advmod |
| 74 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 others | acl |
| 75 | by | by | ADP | _ | 76 clouds | case |
| 76 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 hidden | obl |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 52 others | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | obscure | present · passive | rain and fog | skies | often property | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 2 | draw | present | rain and fog | skies's living | the sea | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent living=Theme from sea=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | is | present | home | on the water | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the air | pure property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | the air not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | hide | present · passive | clouds | the summer sun | rarely property | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 8 | live | skies = sky | nom living «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/2/1/