The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 3
Until recent years, one of the sacred duties of certain elders of the tribes was the handing down of these histories to their successors.
Who acts: one · What happens: hand down
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Until | until | ADP | _ | 3 years | case |
| 2 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 handing | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 one | punct |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 handing | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 duties | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 duties | det |
| 8 | sacred | sacred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 duties | amod |
| 9 | duties | duty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 one | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 elders | case |
| 11 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 elders | amod |
| 12 | elders | elder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 duties | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 tribes | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tribes | det |
| 15 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 elders | nmod |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 handing | aux |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 handing | det |
| 18 | handing | hand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 19 | down | down | ADV | _ | 18 handing | advmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 histories | case |
| 21 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 22 histories | det |
| 22 | histories | history | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 handing | obl |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 successors | case |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 successors | nmod:poss |
| 25 | successors | successor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 histories | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 handing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand down | past · progressive | one of the sacred duties of certain elders of the tribes | year | of this histories to elders's successors; down property | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent of history=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/2/3/